(<- (Butlast ?List)
(Cond ((Null ?List) Bottom)
((Null (Rest ?List)) Nil)
(True (Cons (First ?List) (Butlast (Rest ?List))))))
(<- (Cons ?X ?List) (If (= ?List (Listof @L)) (Listof ?X @L)))
(<- (Append ?L1 ?L2)
(If (Null ?L1)
(If (List ?L2) ?L2)
(Cons (First ?L1) (Append (Rest ?L1) ?L2))))
(<- (Revappend ?L1 ?L2)
(If (Null ?L1)
(If (List ?L2) ?L2)
(Revappend (Rest ?L1) (Cons (First ?L1) ?L2))))
(<- (Adjoin ?X ?List) (If (Item ?X ?List) ?List (Cons ?X ?List)))
(<- (Remove ?X ?List)
(Cond ((Null ?List) Nil)
((And (= ?X (First ?List)) (List ?List))
(Remove ?X (Rest ?List)))
((List ?List) (Cons ?X (Remove ?X (Rest ?List))))))
(<- (Subst ?X ?Y ?Z)
(Cond ((= ?Y ?Z) ?X)
((Null ?Z) Nil)
((List ?Z)
(Cons (Subst ?X ?Y (First ?Z)) (Subst ?X ?Y (Rest ?Z))))
(True ?Z)))