Co-Director and Senior Research Scientist
Knowledge Systems Laboratory
Gates Building 2A, Room 241
Stanford, CA 94305
dlm@ksl.stanford.edu
Stanford Office Phone: 650-723-9770; Fax: 650-725-5850
Home Office Phone: 650-852-9095; Fax: 650-852-9096
URL: http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm
M.S. in Computer Science
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
Supervisor: Eugene Wong
Thesis Title: An Inferencing Language for Relational Geometric
Databases
B.S. in Computer Science and B. A. in Mathematics
Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina.
with highest honors
Management responsibility includes co-leading the knowledge systems, artificial intelligence laboratory including: setting technical direction, obtaining and maintaining funding, budget responsibility, and project management responsibility. Technical research includes knowledge environment research aimed mostly at web and online applications. Specific research interests include the emerging semantic web and its languages (e.g., OWL, DAML+OIL, and OIL), explanation (e.g., Inference Web, Proof Markup Language), ontology environments (e.g., Chimaera, Ontobuilder/Ontoserver, Medius), trust (e.g., Transparent Accountable Data Mining, IWTrust, Social Collaborative Information Repositories), representation and reasoning systems(e.g., description logics in practice), query languages (e.g., matching languages) and applications (e.g., the KSL Wine Agent, knowledge-enhanced search)), agent-based systems for supply chain(e.g., e-commerce applications), configuration(e.g., PROSE, wine agent), etc. Some current leadership roles include Stanford Co-Investigator and technical project leader for the DARPA Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes (under the DARPA PAL program), Stanford Co-Investigator and technical project leader for the NSF Transparent Accountable Data Mining project (under the NSF Cybertrust program), Stanford Co-Investigator and technical project leader for the DARPA Agent Markup Language project, Stanford explanation project leader for DTO's Novel Intelligence for Massive Data project, Stanford Co-Investigator and technical project leader for the DARPA Explainable Knowledge Aggregation project, Technical Expert on the NIH CBio project providing semantic web expertise to an effort to build and deploy biology ontologies, W3C Semantic Web Best Practices co-lead for Ontology Engineering and Patterns task force, and Stanford Co-Investigator and Technical project lead for the new DARPA Integrated Learning effort. Past leadership roles include Stanford Co-Investigator and project manager for the DARPA Rapid Knowledge Formation project, the DARPA High Performance Knowledge base KSL project and for the CISCO and VerticalNet Ontology projects.
CEO and President - McGuinness Associates Consulting - 1998 - present.
Consulting in the areas of semantic data integration (particularly scientific data), ontology building and management, knowledge-enhanced search, online applications, semantic web applications, knowledge acquisition, configuration, and conceptual modeling. Clients have included companies in e-commerce, medical information, finance, supply chain management, and telecommunications. A few selected clients include: General Motors, Vertical Net, Cisco, and Cerebra (previously Network Inference). At General Motors, helped design the IAAI award winning project that helped reduce variation in GM plants using ontology-enhanced tools. At Vertical Net, acted as interrim Ontology Director and Strategist while helping to build an ontology department. Co-produced Ontology Builder and Ontology Server - a toolkit for ontology building and maintenance. At Cisco, helped form the Meta Data Framework project which is an effort to provide a company wide foundation for providing and using controlled vocabularies in support of organizing and finding corporate information. At Cerebra/Network Inference, I helped obtain Venture Capital Funding from a preferred Silicon Valley firm and provide technology advising and strategic technical assistance in their description logic-based semantic web technology. One current sizable project is the Virtual Solar Terrestrial Observatory (VSTO), with the National Center for Atmospheric Research supporting an NSF program aimed at using semantic web technologies to improve interoperability of scientific data
Principle Member of Technical Staff - Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department - Information Systems and Services Research - Bell Laboratories (later AT&T Laboratories Research post trivestiture). 85-3/96; 97-98.
Performed basic and applied research on artificial intelligence systems and their usability. Specific research areas included: description logic-based knowledge representation systems, their applications and environments, explaining inferences in deductive systems, meta languages for pruning object presentations, ontology-supported search, collaborative knowledge acquisition and maintenance environments. Basic research led to a Ph. D. Co-designed and developed widely used knowledge representation system (CLASSIC).
Managed the development, release, and customer support of the research version of CLASSIC. Designed configuration application architecture, managed and co-built demonstration application, supervised web application design and development. Led configuration application technology transfer effort resulting in 17 deployed configurators that have been used to configure over 6 billion dollars worth of AT&T and Lucent products. Co-designed data mining application of description logics which served as the prototype for NCR's deployed management discovery tool. Led knowledge engineering efforts in a number of domains including telecommunications equipment, medical information, competitve intelligence in computer science, and more.
Web-based services: Led knowledge-enhanced search research and development effort yielding 10 deployed services and three patent applications. Co-designed and deployed Quintillion's Summit 2005 event-based website, co-designed Quintillions electronic yellow pages offering. Co-designed vendor management tracking demonstration system (based on knowledge-enhanced search) that is the basis of AT&T Solutions Outsourcing's staff augmentation and automation implementation project.
Emerging Technologies and Opportunities District Manager, Personal Online Services, AT&T Strategy and New Service Innovation (rotational management position from research division). 3/96-1/97
Managed the business unit's needs for new technologies arising from health information and local content website offerings. Evaluated commercial products, assumed responsibility for future personalization and search needs, incorporated background knowledge to provide better navigation and information access, modified and managed research calendar effort to meet online community needs, molded research directory effort to allow incorporation into business unit beta trial, built a research laboratory that mirrored the business platform supporting quick integration of research technology. Also evaluated companies for AT&T Ventures and for Personal Online Services for potential investment and purchase.
Member of Technical Staff, Computing Environments and Artificial Intelligence, AT&T Bell Laboratories 1984-1985.
Expert systems applications research and development and evaluation in the areas of administrative and consulting expert systems. Co-designed and developed knowledbase augmented automatic programming tool for making programs more robust.
Member of Technical Staff, Home Information Systems, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1980 - 1984.
Co-designed and co-developed AT&T's first online service offering - the sceptre videotex customer terminal. Implemented (and co-designed) NAPLPS (North American Presentation Level Protocol Standard) for the user interface, directory, and consumer software of the AT&T set-top box offering. Liaison to Knight Ridder customer trials.
Issued:
US Patent
5720008: McGuinness, Patel-Schneider, and Resnick.
"Knowledge Base Management System with Dependency Information for
Procedural Tests",
Issued 2/17/98, Submitted 5/94.
US Patent
5974405: McGuinness, Patel-Schneider, and Resnick.
"Knowledge Base Management System with Enhanced Explanation of Derived
Information", Issued 10/26/99,
submitted 5/94.
US Patent
6256627:
McGuinness, Resnick, Beattie, and Manning. "System and Method for
Maintaining a Knowledge Base and Evidence Set".
Issued July 3, 2001.
Submitted 2/98,
filed 6/23/98, allowed 12/29/00.
US Patent
6385600:
McGuinness, Beattie, and Resnick. "System And Method
For Searching On A Computer Using An Evidence Set".
Issued May 7, 2002,
submitted 4/3/98, allowed February 7, 2002.
U. S. Application Number 09/054,886.
US Patent
McGuinness, Beattie, and Resnick. "System And
Method For Maintaining A Knowledge Base And Evidence Set".
submitted 2/98, Docket No. 112569 Division Filed: April 11, 2001,
allowed May 20, 2002.
U.S. Application Number 09/832,221.
Pending:
Fuoss, Manning, and McGuinness. "FlexSchedule: A Method for Automatic Population
of Online Calendars Using Search", submitted 9/97.
Technical Advisory Boards
Buildfolio - A configuration company.
Katalytik - A healthcare information technology company.
Cerebra (previously Network Inference) - A semantic web solutions company.
Radar Networks - A next generation internet company.
Sandpiper Software - A software applications and ontology company.
Tumri - A context-oriented online content company.
Previous Technical Advisory Boards (helped through acquisition)
Applied Semantics - A knowledge organization solutions company. Acquired by Google.
Guru Worldwide - A new-generation staffing company. Acquired by
Unicru.
Conference Program Chair/Co-Chair:
American Association for Artificial
Intelligence Conference, San Jose, Ca. July 2004
International Knowledge Representation
and Reasoning Conference, Toulouse France, April 22-25, 2002
Selected Workshop Program Chair/Co-Chair:
Contexts and Ontologies: Theory, Practice, and Applications.
Riva del Garda, Italy. August 28, 2006.
Earth and Space Sciences
Ontology Workshop, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Lab, Laurel,
MD., May 26, 2006.
Semantic Scientific Data Integration, the American Geophysical
Union Joint Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland, May 23-25, 2006.
Volcano Ontology Workshop. San Diego Super Computer Center, San Diego, Feb 15-16, 2006. (Results to be presented at AGU06, May 2006).
Ontologies for Earch and Space Sciences, Earth and Space Science
Informatics. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco, December 8, 2006.
Contexts and Ontologies: Theory, Practice, and Applications.
AAAI Workshop, Pittsburgh, Pa., July 2005.
IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, Model-Driven
semantic Web (MDSW 2004). Monterey, Ca., September 2004.
Workshop on Configuration, International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, Washington, August 6, 2001.
International Description
Logic Workshop, August 1-3, 2001, Stanford, CA., USA
International Semantic Web
Workshop, July 30-31, 2001, Stanford, CA., USA
AAAI Fall Symposium Series Workshop on Configuration, Boston, Mass.,
November, 1996,
1996 International Workshop Description Logics, Boston, Mass., November,
1996,
AAAI Fall Symposium Series Workshop on Issues in Description Logics:
Users Meet Developers, Boston, Mass., 1992.
Organizing Committee (other than program or conference chair):
International Semantic Web Conference 2002. Sardinia, Italy. Sponsor Chair, June 2002.
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 2000 Breckenridge, Colorado, Local Arrangements Chair
USA, April, 2000.
Editor:
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology Associate Editor, 2002-present
Electronic
Transactions in Artificial Intelligence
Area editor for SEMWEB (Modeling Semantics of Web Information: Theory, Methods, and Applications), 2000-2001.
Handbook of Description Logics Editor, 1998-2003, Updated 2006.
Emerging Semantic Web
Editor, 2002
Proceedings Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Conference, 2002
Guest Editor Special Issue of AI-EDAM Journal on Configuration, 1998.
Editorial Board:
Journal for Conceptual Systems, Special Issue on Knowledge Retrieval,
Use, and Storage for Efficiency, 1997.
Member:
W3C
Semantic Web Best Practices Working Group. 2004-present. Task Force Chair or Co-Chair
for Ontology Engineering and Patterns.
Darpa Executive Committee for Cyc Analysis - 2003-2005.
W3C
Web Ontology Working Group. 2001-2005. Lead author
of the Overview for the W3C Ontology Web Language Recommendation,
co-author of the
Guide and
Reference,
and co-author of the
W3C submission.
Joint EU/US Adhoc Markup Language Committee - 2000-present,
Knowledge Representation System Specification group of the DARPA Knowledge
Sharing Effort, 1990-1994,
ARPA Knowledge Sharing Committee Effort on Interfaces to the External
Environment, 1990-1992,
American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1984-present,
Association for Computing Machinery, 1988-present,
New York New Media Association, 1997-2000,
IEEE
Selected Conference Program Committees:
Twenty-First
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Senior Program Committee, 2006.
Fifth International Semantic Web Conference, Senior Program Committee, 2006.
Fourth
International Semantic Web Conference, Senior Program Committee, 2005.
Third International Semantic Web Conference, Senior Program Committee, 2004.
Eighteenth International
Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, Senior Program Committee, 2003.
World Wide Web International Conference (WWW):
WWW11 (Hawaii, 2002), WWW10 (Hong Kong, 2001);
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) Reviewer:
2003 (Acapulco), 2001 (Seattle), 1999 (Stockholm), 1995 (Montreal);
American Association for Artificial Intelligence National Conference
(AAAI) 2002, (Edmonton), 2000 (Austin), 1999 (Orlando),
1998 (Madison), 1997 (Providence);
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning International Conference (KR):
2006 (Lake District, England),
2002 (Toulouse, France),
2000 (Breckenridge, USA), 1998 (Trento, Italy), 1996 (Cambridge, Mass.);
Knowledge Retrieval, Use and Storage for Efficience (KRUSE):
1997 (Vancouver), 1995 (Santa Cruz, California);
Formal Ontologies in Information Systems (FOIS): 2001 (Ogunquit,Maine),
1998 (Trento, Italy).
Adhoc Reviewer for Artificial Intelligence Journal, MIT Press, Kluwer, National Science Foundation (NSF), RGC - The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (The Hong Kong equivalent to NSF), etc.
Muthuraman Sathiamurthy, Bjoern Peters, Huynh-Hoa Bui, John Sidney, John Mokili, Stephen S Wilson, Ward Fleri, Deborah L McGuinness, Philip E Bourne and Alessandro Sette. An ontology for immune epitopes: application to the design of a broad scope database of immune reactivities. Immunome Research 2005, 1:2 (20 Sep 2005). http://www.immunome-research.com/content/1/1/2.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Explaining Answers from the Semantic Web: The Inference Web Approach. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web Special issue: International Semantic Web Conference 2003 - Edited by K.Sycara and J.Mylopoulis. Volume 1, Issue 4. Journal published Fall, 2004. http://www.websemanticsjournal.org/ps/pub/2004-22
Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness and Richard Fikes. A Proof Markup Language for Semantic Web Services. Information Systems. Volume 31, Issues 4-5, June-July 2006, Pages 381-395. Also, technical report, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, 2004. abstract.
David S. Frankel, Patrick Hayes, Elisa F. Kendall, and Deborah L. McGuinness. A Model-Driven Semantic Web: Reinforcing Complimentary Strengths. MDA Journal, Business Process Trends, July 2004.
Deborah L. McGuinness. Question Answering on the Semantic Web. In IEEE Intelligent Systems, Volume 19, No. 1, January/February, 2004.
Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness, Rob McCool, Knowledge Provenance Infrastructure. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin Vol.26 No.4, pages 26-32, December 2003. abstract .
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Infrastructure for Web Explanations. Selected from International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2003) PublicationS, Sanibel Is ., FL, USA. See abstract for online availability. In Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN: 0302-9743, Volume 2870, 2003. pp. 113-129.
Deborah L. McGuinness,
Richard Fikes,
James Hendler and
Lynn Andrea Stein.
``DAML+OIL: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web
''.
In
IEEE Intelligent
Systems, Vol. 17, No. 5, pages 72-80,
September/October 2002.
abstract .
Ora Lassila and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``The Role of Frame-Based Representation on the Semantic Web''. In ETAI (Electronic Transactions in Artificial Intelligence) Volume 6, 2001. Also. KSL Tech Report Number KSL-01-02. abstract. The full paper is available in word, html, and text.
Dieter Fensel, Ian Horrocks, Frank van Harmelen, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``OIL: An Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web ''. In IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, March/April 2001, abstract , pdf file, and published pdf form and published abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness ``Ontologies and Online Commerce''. In IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, No. 1, January/February 2001, pages 8-14. abstract , full word document , full html document, and published pdf form and on contenteurope.
James Hendler and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``The DARPA Agent Markup Language''. In IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 15, No. 6, November/December 2000, pages 67-73. abstract , full word document , full html document, and published pdf form.
Ronald J. Brachman, Alex Borgida, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. "Reducing" CLASSIC to Practice: Knowledge Representation Theory Meets Reality. In Artificial Intelligence 114(1-2) pages 203-237, October, 1999. abstract.
Franz Baader, Alex Borgida, Ralph Kuesters and Deborah L. McGuinness. Matching in Description Logics. In Journal of Logic and Computation -- Special Issue on Description Logics. Volume 9, number 3, June 1999. abstract , full text pdf
Enrico Franconi, G. de Giacomo, Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, Werner Nutt, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Chris Welty. Report on the 1998 International Workshop on Description Logics DL'98. In Journal of Logic and Computation -- Special Issue on Description Logics. Volume 9, number 3, June 1999. full text pdf
Deborah L. McGuinness and Jon Wright. ``An Industrial Strength Description Logic-based Configurator Platform''. IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, July/August 1998, pp. 69-77.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Jon Wright. ``Conceptual Modeling for Configuration: A Description Logic-based Approach.'' In the Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing Journal - special issue on Configuration, 1998.
Tim Darr, Mark Fox, and Deborah L. McGuinness, editors. Special Configuration Issue of the Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing Journal 1998.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Lori Alperin Resnick, Charles Isbell, Matt Parker, and Chris Welty. A Description Logic Based Configurator for the Web. SIGART Bulletin, 9(2) pp 20-22. Fall, 1998.
Ronald J. Brachman, Peter G. Selfridge, Loren G. Terveen, Boris Altman, Alex Borgida, Fern Halper, Thomas Kirk, Alan Lazar, Deborah L. McGuinness, Lori Alperin Resnick. ``Integrated Support for Data Archaeology.'' In International Journal of Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems, 2:2 1993, pages 159--185.
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Deborah L. McGuinness, Ronald J. Brachman, Lori Alperin Resnick, and Alex Borgida. ``The CLASSIC Knowledge Representation System: Guiding Principles and Implementation Rationale''. SIGART Bulletin, 2:3 (1991), pages 108--113.
Deborah L. McGuinness, A. Krishna Sinha, Peter Fox, Rob Raskin, Grank Heiken, Calvin Barnes, Ken Wohletz, Dina Venezky, Kai Lin. Towards a Reference Volcano Ontology for Semantic Scientific Data Integration. American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland, May 25, 2006.
Deborah L. McGuinness. Ontologies and the Semantic Web: Key Enablers for Earth and Space Science Advances. In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005), San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005. Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract IN41B-01. abstract
Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox, Don Middleton, Jose Garcia, Luca Cinquni, J. A. Darnell, James L. Benedict. Solar-Terrestrial Ontology Development. In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005), San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005. Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract IN43A-0324. abstract .
Peter Fox, Don Middleton, Deborah L. McGuinness, S. Solomon, Jose Garcia, Luca
Cinquini, P. West, James L. Benedict.
The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory: How is the paradigm working?
In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005),
San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005.
Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract IN31B-1159.
abstract.
Peter Fox, E. CoBabe-Ammann, Don Middleton, Deborah L. McGuinness. Scientific Virtual Observatories Working for Education? In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005), San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005. Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract ED11D-1121. abstract.
Jian Zhong, Deborah L. McGuinness, M. Antonellini, A. Aydin. Ontology for Structural Geology. In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005), San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005. Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract IN43A-0323. abstract
A. Krishna Sinha, K. Lin, Rob Raskin, C. Barnes, Deborah L. McGuinness, J. Najdi. Geo-Ontology: Empowering new Discoveries in Earth Sciences. In American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (AGU2005), San Francisco, Ca., December, 2005. Eos Trans. AGU 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract IN41B-04. abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness. Why Should You Trust Answers from the Web? In Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Web Intelligence and Security Track, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 2005. See abstract for details.
Alexander P. Morgan, John A. Cafeo, Kurt Godden, Ronald M. Lesperance, Andrea M. Simon, Deborah L. McGuinness, and James L. Benedict. The General Motors Variation-Reduction Adviser. AI Magazine 26:2 (2005).
Pavel Shvaiko, Fausto Giunchiglia, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva and Deborah L. McGuinness. Web Explanations for Semantic Heterogeneity Di scovery. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2005), Heraklion, Greece, May 29 to June 1, 2005 Springer, 2005. See abstract for details.
Ilya Zaihrayeu, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva and Deborah L. McGuinness. IWTrust: Improving User Trust in Answers from the Web. Proceeding s of 3rd International Conference on Trust Management (iTrust2005), Springer, Rocquencourt, France, 2005. See abstract for details.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox, and Don Middleton. Virtual Solar Terrestrial Observatories. In Proceedings of the National Meeting on Research Frontiers in Cyberinfrastructure for the Geosciences. San Diego, Ca., May 5-6, 2005. See abstract for online availability.
Christopher Welty, J. William Murdock, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Deborah L. McGuinness, David Ferrucci, Richard Fikes. Tracking Information Extraction from Intelligence Documents. In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis (IA 2005), McLean, VA, USA, 2-6 May, 2005. See abstract
Alexander P. Morgan, John A. Cafeo, Kurt Godden, Ronald M. Lesperance, Andrea M. Simon, Deborah L. McGuinness, and James L. Benedict. The General Motors Variation-Reduction Adviser: Deployment Issues for an AI Application. In the Proceedings of the Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, San Jose, CA., July 2004.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Trusting Answers on the Web. In Mark T. Maybury, editor, New Directions in Question Answering. AAAI/MIT Press.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Infrastructure for Web Explanations. In Proceedings of 2nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2003), Sanibel Is ., FL, USA. Springer, October 2003. See abstract for online availability. Republished in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN: 0302-9743, Volume 2870/2003, pp. 113-129.
Deborah L. McGuinness. Ontologies for Information Fusion. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Fusion. Cairns, Australia, July 8-11, 2003.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Description Logic for Configuration''. In Franz Baader, Deborah McGuinness, Daniele Nardi, and Peter Patel-Schneider, editors The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Please go to abstract for online availability.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter Patel-Schneider ``From Description Logic Provers to Knowledge Representation Systems''. In Franz Baader, Deborah McGuinness, Daniele Nardi, and Peter Patel-Schneider, editors The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Please go to abstract for online availability.
Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Chris Welty ``Digital Libraries and Web-Based Information Systems''. In Franz Baader, Deborah McGuinness, Daniele Nardi, and Peter Patel-Schneider, editors The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Please go to abstract for online availability.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontologies Come of Age ''. In Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003. abstract. This pre-print version of the paper to be published is available in word format and html format.
Elisa F. Kendall, Mark E. Dutra, and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Towards A Commercial Ontology Development Environment'' In International Semantic Web Conference Late Breaking Topics, Sardinia, Italy, June 9-12, 2002. See abstract for online availability.
Aseem Das, Wei Wu, and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Industrial Strength Ontology Management''. In Isabel Cruz, Stefan Decker, Jerome Euzenat, and Deborah L. McGuinness, eds. The Emerging Semantic Web. (Book available from http://www.iospress.nl/site/html/boek-1381825766.html). IOS Press, 2002. See abstract for online availability.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, Lynn Andrea Stein, and James Hendler. ``DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web ''. In Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003. abstract . This pre-print version of the paper to be published is available in word format and html format.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Conceptual Modeling for Distributed Ontology Environments,'' In the Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptual Structures Logical, Linguistic, and Computational Issues (ICCS 2000), August 14-18, 2000, Darmstadt, Germany.abstract, paper in word format, paper in postscript format
Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Rice, and Steve Wilder, ``The Chimaera Ontology Environment,'' In the Proceedings of the The Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2000), Austin, Texas, July 30 - August 3, 2000. abstract, paper in word format
Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Rice, and Steve Wilder. An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies. In the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000), Breckenridge, Colorado, USA. April 12-15, 2000. abstract
Deborah L. McGuinness, Ontology-enhanced Search for Primary Care Medical Literature. In the Proceedings of the International Medical Informatics Association Working Group 6- Medical Concept Representation and Natural Language Processing Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, December 16--19, 1999. abstract
Franz Baader, Alex Borgida, and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Matching in Description Logics: Preliminary Results,'' In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS'98), M.-L. Mugnier, M. Chein (editors), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer, 1998. An earlier version appears in in Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Description Logics, Trento, Italy. June, 1998. abstract
Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``Usability Issues in Knowledge Representation Systems''. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Madison, Wisconsin, July, 1998. This is an updated version of ``Usability Issues in Description Logic Systems'' published in Proceedings of International Workshop on Description Logics, Gif sur Yvette, (Paris), France, September, 1997. postscript version
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontological Issues for Knowledge-Enhanced Search''. In the Proceedings of Formal Ontology in Information Systems, June 1998. Also in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS-Press, Washington, DC, 1998.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Harley Manning, and Tom Beattie. ``Knowledge Augmented Intranet Search.'' In Proceedings of Sixth World Wide Web Conference CDROM version, Santa Clara, California, April, 1997.
Alex Borgida and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Asking Queries about Frames.'' In Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Cambridge, Massachusetts, November, 1996. Morgan Kaufmann. Also appears in Proceedings of International Workshop on Description Logics, Cambridge, Mass., November 1996. abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Alex Borgida . ``Explaining Subsumption in Description Logics.'' In Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, Canada, August, 1995.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Lori Alperin Resnick, and Charles Isbell. ``Description Logic in Practice: A CLASSIC: Application.'' In Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, Canada, August, 1995.
Ronald J. Brachman, Peter G. Selfridge, Loren G. Terveen, Boris Altman, Alex Borgida, Fern Halper, Thomas Kirk, Alan Lazar, Deborah L. McGuinness, Lori Alperin Resnick. ``Knowledge Representation Support for Data Archaeology.'' In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, November, 1992.
Ronald J. Brachman, Alex Borgida, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lori Alperin Resnick. ``The CLASSIC Knowledge Representation System, or, KL-ONE: The Next Generation.'' Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, Tokyo, Japan, June 1992.
Ronald J. Brachman, Alex Borgida, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lori Alperin Resnick. ``Living with CLASSIC: When and How to Use a KL-ONE-Like Language.'' In Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the representation of knowledge, ed. John Sowa. San Mateo, California: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991, pages 401--456.
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe, Alfred Kobsa, Nicola Guarino, Robert MacGregor, William S. Mark, Deborah L. McGuinness, Bernhard Nebel, Albrecht Schmiedel, and John Yen. ``Term Subsumption Languages in Knowledge Representation.'' AI Magazine 11:2 (1990), pages 16--22.
Alex Borgida, Ronald J. Brachman, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Lori Alperin Resnick. ``CLASSIC: A Structural Data Model for Objects'', Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Portland, Oregon, June, 1989, pp. 59--67.
Ronald J. Brachman and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Knowledge Representation, Connectionism, and Conceptual Retrieval'', Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Grenoble, France, June, 1988, pp. 161--174.
Van E. Kelly and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Automatic Re-Programming for Robustness'', Proceedings of the 1986 IEEE Conference on Global Telecommunications, December, 1986, pp. 417--422.
Isabel Cruz, Stefan Decker, Jerome Euzenat, and Deborah L. McGuinness, editors. The Emerging Semantic Web. IOS Press, 2002. (Available from http://www.iospress.nl/site/html/boek-1381825766.html.)
Deborah McGuinness and George Ferguson, Program Cochairs. Proceedings of the Nineteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-04). AAAI Press, San Jose, California, July, 2004. Available from http://www.aaai.org/Press/Proceedings/AAAI/2004/aaai04.html .
Dieter Fensel, Fausto Guinchiglia, Deborah McGuinness, and Mary-Anne Williams, editors. Knowledge Representation 2002: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (KR '02). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Toulouse, France, May 2002. Available from http://www.mkp.com/books_catalog/catalog.asp?ISBN=1-55860-847-8 .
Deborah L. McGuinness, Honglei Zeng, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, Li Ding, Dhyanesh Narayanan, and Mayukh Bhaowal. Investigations into Trust for Collaborative Information Repositories: A Wikipedi a Case Study. WWW2006 Workshop on the Models of Trust for the Web (MTW'06), Edinburgh, Scotland, May 22, 2006. abstract.
Daniel J. Weitzner, Hal Abelson, Tim Berners-Lee, Chris P. Hanson, Jim Hendler, Lalana Kagal, D eborah L. McGuinness, Gerald J. Sussman, K. Krasnow Waterman. Transparent Accountable Inferencing for Privacy Risk Management. To Appear Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on The Semantic Web meets eGovernment. AAAI Press, Stanford University, USA 2006. Also available as MIT CSAIL Technical Report-2006-007 and Stanford KSL Technical Report KSL-06-03. abstract.
Andrew. J. Cowell, Deborah L. McGuinness, Carrie F. Varley, and David A. Thurman. Knowledge-Wo rker Requirements for Next Generation Query Answering and Explanation Systems. In the Proceedi ngs of the Workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces for Intelligence Analysis, International Con ference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2006), Sydney, Australia. abstract
J. William Murdock, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, David Ferrucci, Christopher Welty and Deborah L. McGuinness. Encoding Extraction as Inferences. In Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition on Computation, AAAI Press, stanford University, USA, 2005. Also, KSL Tech Report KSL-04-06. abstract.
Katia Sycara, David Martin, Deborah L. McGuinness, Sheila McIlraith, Massimo Paolucci. On behalf of the OWL-S Coalition.OWL-S Technology for Representing Constraints and Capabilities of Web Services. W3C Workshop on Constraints and Capabilities for Web Services Redwood Shores, CA, October 12-13, 2004. Available at: http://www.w3.org/2004/08/ws-cc/dmowls-20040904.
David L. Martin, Massimo Paolucci, Sheila A. McIlraith, Mark H. Burstein, Drew V. McDermott, Deborah L. McGuinness, Bijan Parsia, Terry R. Payne, Marta Sabou, Monika Solanki, Naveen Srinivasan, Katia P. Sycara: Bringing Semantics to Web Services: The OWL-S Approach. Semantic Web Services and Web Process Composition, First International Workshop (SWSWPC) July 2004, pp. 26-42. Available at: http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/semweb/swswpc2004.html .
David Frankel, Patrick Hayes, Elisa Kendall, and Deborah L. McGuinness. The Model Driven Semantic Web. In the Proceedings of the IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conferece, Model-Driven Semantic Web (MDSW 2005). Monterey, Ca., September, 2004. abstract.
Elisa Kendall, David Frankel, Patrick Hayes, and Deborah L. McGuinness. Simple Common Logic: A Constraint Language for the ODM. In the Proceedings of the IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conferece, Model-Driven Semantic Web (MDSW 2005). Monterey, Ca., September, 2004. abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Pavel Shvaiko, Fausto Giunchiglia, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Towards Explaining Semantic Matching. In the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics, Whistler, Canada, June 2004.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Registry- Based Support for Information Integration. In Proceedings of IJCAI-2003's Workshop on Information Integration on the Web (IIWeb-03), S. Kambhampati and C. Knoblock (Eds.), Acapulco , Mexico, pages 117-122 August 2003. abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness. "Knowledge Representation for Question Answering". In the Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium Workshop on New Directions for Question Answering. Stanford University, Stanford, CA. March 2003. abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Inference Web: Portable and Shareable Explanations for Question Answering ''. In the Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium Workshop on New Directions for Question Answering. Stanford University, Stanford, CA. March 2003. abstract. A slightly expanded and updated version is available at abstract.
Deborah L. McGuinness. Explanation for Query Answering. American Association for Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium Series Meeting on Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases. March, 2002.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Description Logics Emerge from Ivory Towers''. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-08 2001. In the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics. Stanford, CA, August 2001. abstract. The word version of the paper is available as is the postscript version and the html version.
Aseem Das, Wei Wu, and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Industrial Strength Ontology Management''. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-07 2001. In the Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Working Symposium . Stanford, CA, July 2001. abstract. The html version of the paper is available.
Robert MacGregor and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``DARPA's High Performance Knowledge Base (HPKB) Program'' Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics - DL-99, Linköping, Sweden, July 1999.
Alex Borgida, Enrico Franconi, Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``Explaining ALC subsumption'' Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics - DL-99, pp 33-36, Linköping, Sweden, July 1999.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontologies for Electronic Commerce,'' Proceedings of the AAAI '99 Artificial Intelligence for Electronic Commerce Workshop , Orlando, Florida, July, 1999. abstract
Franz Baader, Alex Borgida, and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Matching in Description Logics: Preliminary Results,'' In Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Description Logics, Trento, Italy. June, 1998. An updated version appears in Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS'98), M.-L. Mugnier, M. Chein (editors), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer, 1998.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``Usability Issues in Description Logic Systems.'' In Proceedings of International Workshop on Description Logics, Gif sur Yvette, (Paris), France, September, 1997. An updated version of this paper appears in AAAI '98.
Deborah L. McGuinness, Harley Manning, and Tom Beattie. ``Knowledge Assisted Search.'' In Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop on the Future of AI and the Internet, Nagoya, Japan, August, 1997.
Alex Borgida, Charles Isbell, and Deborah L. McGuinness, ``Reasoning with Black Boxes: Handling Test Concepts in CLASSIC.'' In Proceedings of International Workshop on Description Logics, Cambridge, Mass., November, 1996.
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Deborah L. McGuinness, Merryll K. Herman, Lori Alperin Resnick, and Elia S. Weixelbaum. ``Research and Applications in Description-Logic-Based Knowledge Representation. '' Proceedings of the 1995 Description Logic Workshop, Rome, Italy, June 1995.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Lori Alperin Resnick. ``Description Logic-based Configuration for Consumers.'' In Proceedings of the 1995 Description Logic Workshop Rome, Italy, June 1995.
Jon R. Wright, Deborah L. McGuinness, Charles Foster, and Gregg T Vesonder. ``Conceptual Modeling using Knowledge Representation: Configurator Applications.'' In Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Distributed Information Networks, Montreal, Canada, August, 1995.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Where are all the Users?'' In Proceedings of the 1994 Description Logic Workshop, Bonn, Germany, May 1994.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Making Description Logic Based Knowledge Representation Systems More Usable.'' In Proceedings of the 1992 Description Logic Workshop, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 1992.
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Deborah L. McGuinness, Ronald J. Brachman, Lori Alperin Resnick, and Alex Borgida. ``CLASSIC System Description''. Working Notes of the AAAI Symposium on Implemented Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Systems, Stanford, Palo Alto, California, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, March 1991, pages 202--214.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``The CLASSIC Knowledge Representation System: Implementation, Applications, and Beyond.'' In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Terminological Logics, Dagstuhl, Germany, May 1991.
Ronald J. Brachman, Alex Borgida, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Lori Alperin Resnick. ``The CLASSIC Knowledge Representation System, or, KL-ONE: The Next Generation'', Proceedings of the Workshop on Formal Aspects of Semantic Networks, Catalina Island, California, February, 1989.
Van Kelly and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Industrial Strength Automatic Programming.'' In Proceedings of the AAAI workshop on Automatic Programming Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1986
Steve Battle, Abraham Bernstein, Harold Boley, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Richard Hull, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah McGuinness, Sheila McIlraith, Jianwen Su, and Said Tabet. Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL), May 2005. http://www.daml.org/services/swsf/1.0/swsl/ .
Steve Battle, Abraham Bernstein, Harold Boley, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Richard Hull, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah McGuinness, Sheila McIlraith, Jianwen Su, and Said Tabet. Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF) Overview, May 2005. http://www.daml.org/services/swsf/1.0/overview/ .
Steve Battle, Abraham Bernstein, Harold Boley, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Richard Hull, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah McGuinness, Sheila McIlraith, Jianwen Su, and Said Tabet. Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO), May 2005. http://www.daml.org/services/swsf/1.0/swso/ .
Steve Battle, Abraham Bernstein, Harold Boley, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Richard Hull, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah McGuinness, Sheila McIlraith, Jianwen Su, and Said Tabet. SWSF Application Scenarios, May 2005. http://www.daml.org/services/swsf/1.0/applications/ .
Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah McGuinness, Bijan Parsia, and Austin Tate. Semantic Web Services Language Requirements. Working Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) Committee Report. Available at: http://www.daml.org/services/swsl/requirements/swsl-requirements.shtml .
Deborah L. McGuinness and Paulo Pinheiro da Silva. Inference Web: Portable Explanations for the Web. KSL Tech Report January 2003. Submitted for publication. Available at http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/inferenceWeb-abstract.html.
Michael K. Smith, Deborah L. McGuinness, Raphael Volz, and Chris Welty. Web Ontology Language (OWL) Guide Version 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation. Latest version is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ .
Deborah L. McGuinness and Frank van Harmelen. Web Ontology Language (OWL Lite, OWL DL, and OWL Full) Feature Synopsis Version 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation. Latest version is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ .
Mike Dean, Dan Connolly, Frank van Harmelen, James Hendler, Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lynn Andrea Stein. OWL Web Ontology Language 1.0 Reference. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation. Latest version is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/ .
Dan Connolly, Frank van Harmelen, Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lynn Andrea Stein. DAML+OIL (March 2001) Reference Description. World Wide Web Committee (W3C) Note 18 December 2001.
Richard Fikes and Deborah L. McGuinness. An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF-S, and DAML+OIL (March 2001). World Wide Web Committee (W3C) Note 18 December 2001.
Dan Connolly, Frank van Harmelen, Ian Horrocks, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lynn Andrea Stein. Annotated DAML+OIL Ontology Markup . World Wide Web Committee (W3C) Note 18 December 2001.
Natalya Fridman Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology''. Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01-05 and Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-0880, March 2001. abstract. The full paper is available in word, html, and text form (without figures).
Ora Lassila and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``The Role of Frame-Based Representation on the Semantic Web''. KSL Tech Report Number KSL-01-02. Submitted for publication, January, 2001. abstract. The full paper is available in word, html, and text .
Richard Fikes and Deborah L. McGuinness. ``An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF Schema, and DAML+OIL'' KSL Technical Report KSL-01-01, 2001. abstract
Sean Bechhofer, Jeen Broekstra, Stefan Decker, Michael Erdmann, Dieter Fensel, Carole Goble, Frank van Harmelen, Ian Horrocks, Michel Klein, Deborah L. McGuinness, Enrico Motta, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Steffen Staab, and Rudi Studer. ``An informal description of OIL-Core and Standard OIL: a layered proposal for DAML-O''. Posted at http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/downl/dialects.pdf .
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Explaining Reasoning in Description Logics''. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University, 1996. Technical Report LCSR-TR-277.
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Merryll Abrahams, Lori Alperin Resnick, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Alex Borgida. ``NeoClassic Reference Manual: Version 1.0.'' Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, 1996.
Lori Alperin Resnick, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Deborah L. McGuinness, Elia Weixelbaum, Merryll K. Abrahams, Alex Borgida, Ron Brachman, Charles L. Isbell, and Kevin C. Zalondek. ``NeoClassic User's Guide: Version 0.7'' Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, 1996.
Merryll K. Abrahams, Deborah L. McGuinness, Rich Thomason, Lori Alperin Resnick, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Violetta Cavalli-Sforza and Cristina Conati. ``NeoClassic Tutorial: Version 1.0.'' Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department, AT&T Labs Research, 1996.
Jon R. Wright, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Charles Foster. ``Conceptual Modeling for Configurators.'' In Proceedings of AT&T Human Factors Days, March, 1995.
Lori Alperin Resnick, Alex Borgida, Ronald J. Brachman, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``CLASSIC Description and Reference Manual for the COMMON LISP Implementation: Version 2.1.'' AI Principles Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1993.
Eric Mays, Robert MacGregor, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Thomas Russ. ``Working Notes, AAAI Fall Symposium Series Symposium: Issues in Description Logics: Users Meet Developers.'' In AAAI Fall Symposium Series, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October, 1992.
Lori Alperin Resnick, Alex Borgida, Ronald J. Brachman, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. ``CLASSIC Description and Reference Manual for the COMMON LISP Implementation.'' AT&T Bell Laboratories, January 1990.
Deborah L. McGuinness. ``Remarks on the 11th International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.'', In ACM SIGIR Forum 22 3,4, 1988.