The generic-bibliography ontology defines the terms used for describing bibliographic references. This theory defines the basic class for reference objects and the types (classes) for the data objects that appear in references, such as authors and titles. Specific databases will use schemata that associate references with various combinations of data objects, usually as fields in a record. This ontology is intended to provide the basic types from which a specific database schema might be defined.
Frame-Ontology
Kif-Relations
Kif-Sets
Kif-Lists
Kif-Numbers
Slot-Constraint-Sugar
Frame-Ontology ...
No theories include Generic-Bibliography.
Agent-Name
Author-Name
Biblio-Thing
Biblio-Text
Biblio-Name
Title
Keyword
City-Address
Biblio-Nl-Text
Agent
Person
Author
Organization
Publisher
University
Conference
Timepoint
Calendar-Year
Calendar-Date
Universal-Time-Spec
Document
Book
Edited-Book
Periodical-Publication
Journal
Magazine
Newspaper
Proceedings
Thesis
Masters-Thesis
Masters-Thesis-Reference
Doctoral-Thesis
Technical-Report
Miscellaneous-Publication
Technical-Manual
Computer-Program
Artwork
Cartographic-Map
Multimedia-Document
Reference
Day-Number
Month-Name
Publication-Reference
Non-Publication-Reference
Personal-Communication-Reference
Generic-Unpublished-Reference
Book-Reference
Edited-Book-Reference
Book-Section-Reference
Article-Reference
Journal-Article-Reference
Magazine-Article-Reference
Newspaper-Article-Reference
Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Thesis-Reference
Doctoral-Thesis-Reference
Technical-Report-Reference
Misc-Publication-Reference
Technical-Manual-Reference
Computer-Program-Reference
Cartographic-Map-Reference
Artwork-Reference
Multimedia-Document-Reference
Inherits-Author-From-Document
Book-Reference ...
Thesis-Reference ...
Technical-Report-Reference
Technical-Manual-Reference
Computer-Program-Reference
Cartographic-Map-Reference
Artwork-Reference
Multimedia-Document-Reference
Inherits-Publisher-From-Document
Book-Publication-Data-Constraint
Book-Reference ...
Book-Section-Reference
Inherits-Year-From-Document
Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Thesis-Reference ...
Technical-Report-Reference
Technical-Manual-Reference
Cartographic-Map-Reference
Artwork-Reference
Multimedia-Document-Reference
Book-Publication-Data-Constraint ...
Inherits-Title-From-Document
Book-Reference ...
Thesis-Reference ...
Technical-Report-Reference
Technical-Manual-Reference
Computer-Program-Reference
Cartographic-Map-Reference
Artwork-Reference
Multimedia-Document-Reference
Book-Publication-Data-Constraint ...
Publisher-Name
Year-Number
The following constants were used from included theories:
The following constants were undefined:
Conf.Name Conf.Date Ref.Tertiary-Author Ref.Newspaper-Name Ref.Magazine-Name Ref.Booktitle Ref.Organization Conf.Organization Doc.Conference Conf.Address Diss.University Doc.Institution Ref.Publisher
Biblio-thing is the root of the bibliographic ontology.
The most general class of undifferentiated text objects.
A name of something in the bibliography ontology. Names are distinguished from strings in general because they may be treated specially in some databases; for example, there may be uniqueness assumptions.
A string of natural language text mentioned in some bibliographic reference. Texts are distinguished from strings in general because they may be treated specially in some databases, or presented as free-flowing text to a human reader. Biblio-texts are used for different purposes than biblio-names. Biblio texts are for things like notes and abstracts; biblio-names are meant to identify some object or some property.
A title is a string naming a publication, a document, or something analogous. Title strings are distinct from strings naming agents (books can't talk).
A keyword is a name used as an index.
A city-address is a string that identifies a city somewhere in the world. We distinguish it from other names to facilitate integrating it with ontologies that include representations for locations and alternative ways of identifying places.
An agent is something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world. There is more to agenthood than that, but for this ontology that is all that matters.
Slots Of Instances:
Function from an agent to the name by which it goes. If an agent has more than one complete name (not parts of the name, such as first and last name), then the agent.name is the name used to identify that agent in the shared world. If the shared world is represented in a database, then the name would be a `key field' for the agent. Other names can be related to the agent by some other relations.
A string that is the name of some agent.
(Exact-Range Agent.Name Agent-Name)
Human person
An author is an agent who writes things. An author must have a name, which is its real name as an agent. The name as author may or may not be the agent's name, but usually is.
Slots Of Instances:
An author name is the name of an agent used to identify it as an author. It is not necessarily unique; authors may go by pseudonyms.
(=> (Author.Name ?Author ?Name)
(Or (Agent.Name ?Author ?Name) (Penname ?Author ?Name)) )
An author's pseudonym [Webster]. An author may use several pseudonyms. Which name is a function of the document.
A string that is used as the author.name of some author. Often databases of author names are kept separately from databases of people or documents.
(Exact-Range Author.Name Author-Name)
An organization is a corporate or similar institution, distinguished from persons and other agents.
The name by which organizations go by. One name per place.
A publisher is an organization that publishes. The owner of a publishing company may be a person, and the name of the publisher may be the name of a person.
Slots Of Instances:
The name of a publisher; one per publisher.
A name of some publisher
(Exact-Range Publisher.Name Publisher-Name)
The publisher.address is the name of a city with which a publisher is associated for document ordering purposes. There may be several cities associated with a publisher. If the city is well-known, then just its name is given; otherwise its name and state and sometimes country are given as the location.
A university is an institute of higher learning that offers a graduate research program. Of importance here is the fact that universities sponsor the publication of dissertations. Any organization that has been accredited to grant graduate degrees and is recognized in libraries to be a publisher of dissertations can be called a university. Some places that call themselves colleges fall under this category.
A conference is a big meeting where people wear badges, sit through boring talks, and drink coffee in the halls.
Slots Of Instances:
A timepoint is a point in real, historical time (on earth). It is independent of observer and context. A timepoint is not a measurement of time, nor is it a specification of time. It is the point in time. The timepoints at which events occur can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but conceptually timepoints are point-like and not interval-like. That is, it doesn't make sense to talk about what happens during a timepoint, or how long the timepoint lasts.
a specification of a point in absolute calendar time, at the resolution of one year.
Slots Of Instances:
a specification of a point in absolute calendar time, at the resolution of one day.
Slots Of Instances:
a specification of a point in real-world, historical, wall-clock time, independent of timezone and with one second resolution.
Slots Of Instances:
function from time points to integers representing the year component of the time specification. The integer represents the number of years A.D., e.g., 1992.
A year expressed as the number of years A.D.
function from time points to months, representing the month component of the time specification. Months are not integers, but named objects.
The months of the year, specified as an extensionally-defined (i.e., enumerated) set of objects, in English.
Instances of this class of months are not symbols, they are months that may be denoted by object constants.
integer representing day of month.
Slots Of Instances:
(<=> (Day-Number ?Day-Of-Month)
(And (Integer ?Day-Of-Month)
(=< 0 ?Day-Of-Month)
(=< ?Day-Of-Month 31) ))
function from time points to integers representing the day component of the time specification.
function from time points to integers representing the minutes component of the time specification.
(=> (Timepoint.Minutes ?Timepoint ?Minutes)
(And (=< 0 ?Minutes) (=< ?Minutes 59)) )
function from time points to integers representing the seconds component of the time specification. This is not the internal representation of the universal time, (e.g., number seconds since some historical date). Timepoint.seconds is the number of seconds past the minute, hour, day, etc. specified in the other components of the timepoint.
(=> (Timepoint.Seconds ?Timepoint ?Seconds)
(And (=< 0 ?Seconds) (=< ?Seconds 59)) )
A document is something created by author(s) that may be viewed, listened to, etc., by some audience. A document persists in material form (e.g., a concert or dramatic performance is not a document). Documents typically reside in libraries.
Slots Of Instances:
The title of a document. Not necessarily the title of a work published in the document.
The creator(s) of a document. Not necessarily the author of a work published in the document, but often so. The author is a real agent, not a name of an agent.
The name used by an author is a function of the document and the author.
(Nth-Domain Doc.Author.Name 3 Author-Name) (Nth-Domain Doc.Author.Name 2 Author) (Nth-Domain Doc.Author.Name 1 Document)
Each author of a document is identified by an author-name. Although an author can have several pennames, the author only gets to use one of them for a particular document.
(=> (Doc.Author-Name ?Doc ?Name)
(Exists (?Author)
(And (Doc.Author ?Doc ?Author)
(Doc.Author.Name ?Doc ?Author ?Name) )))
The publication date of a document. If the document isn't formally published, e.g., a painting, then it is the year of creation. The date is a timepoint for which at least the year is known. In some cases, the month and day are also known.
The publisher of a document, if there is one. This is the publisher, not its name.
Named primary editors of a document.
(=> (Doc.Editor ?Doc ?Editor) (Or (Book ?Doc) (Proceedings ?Doc)))
Series editors of a document.
(=> (Doc.Series-Editor ?Doc ?Editor)
(Or (Book ?Doc) (Proceedings ?Doc)) )
Series title of a document.
(=> (Doc.Series-Title ?Doc ?Title)
(Or (Book ?Doc) (Proceedings ?Doc)) )
Named primary editors of a document.
(=> (Doc.Translator ?Doc ?Translator)
(Or (Book ?Doc) (Proceedings ?Doc)) )
Refers to the nth edition of a document.
(=> (Doc.Edition ?Doc ?Nth)
(Or (Book ?Doc) (Proceedings ?Doc) (Cartographic-Map ?Doc)) )
Number of pages contained a document. Not the page numbers of an article
pages in a bound cover. You can't judge it by its cover.
Slots Of Instances:
An edited book is a book whose authors are known as editors.
Slots Of Instances:
(<=> (Edited-Book ?X)
(And (Book ?X)
(Minimum-Value-Cardinality ?X Doc.Editor 1)
(Same-Values ?X Doc.Editor Doc.Author) ))
A periodical-publication is published regularly, such as once every week. Strictly speaking, the noun ``periodical'' is used by librarians to refer to things published at intervals of greater than a day. We use the phase periodical-publication to include newspapers and other daily publications, since they share many bibliographic features.
A journal is an archival periodical publication. Note that a journal is not the same as a journal article or a reference to an article. A journal is a document; a particular issue of a journal may contain several articles.
A magazine is a periodical publication that is considered to be of more general interest than a journal.
A newspaper is a periodical publication that may be published as frequently as once a day.
The published proceedings of a conference, workshop, or similar meeting. If the proceedings appear as an edited book, the document is an edited book with a title other than ``proceedings of...'' Proceedings may have editors, however.
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings
Doc.Publication-Date
(Compose Conf.Date Doc.Conference) )
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings
Doc.Title
(Compose Conf.Name Doc.Conference) )
An official report on a bout of graduate work for which one receives a degree, published by the university. Never mind that some fields make a big deal about the difference between dissertations and theses. From the bibliographic perspective, they are both of the same family.
Slots Of Instances:
M.S. thesis document.
Ph.D. thesis document
A technical report is a paper published by some research organization.
Slots Of Instances:
A miscellaneous category of documents that are infrequently found in bibliographic references.
Slots Of Instances:
The doc.author is the technical writer.
The doc.author is the programmer.
The doc.author is the artist.
Slots Of Instances:
The doc.author is the cartographer.
A multimedia document is some identifiable communique in a modality such as audio, video, animation, etc. The document may exist in digital form in a library that is accessed by electronic means.
A bibliographic reference is a description of some publication that uniquely identifies it, providing the information needed to retrieve the associated document. A reference is distinguished from a citation, which occurs in the body of a document and points to a reference. Note that references are distinguished from documents as well.The information associated with a reference is contained in data fields, which are binary relations (often unary functions).
A reference should at least contain information about the author, title, and year. (Since there are exceptions, that constraint is associated with a specialization of this class.) .
Function from references to associated documents. Is only defined on publication-references, since by definition they are the references associated with documents.
Relation between a reference and the name(s) of the creator(s) of the publication.
Most general relation between a reference and the PRIMARY title of a publication. The primary title goes by various names depending on the reference type.
The year field is a function from a reference to the year in which the publication was published.
Most general relation between a reference and a journal.
in a reference, the volume number of a journal or magazine in which an article occurs.
(=> (Ref.Volume ?Ref ?Number)
(Or (Book-Reference ?Ref)
(Book-Section-Reference ?Ref)
(Article-Reference ?Ref) ))
In a reference, the issue number of a journal or magazine in which an article occurs.
An alphanumeric identifier that identifies a technical report within a series sponsored by the publishing institution. For example, STAN-CS-68-118 is the 118th report number of a report written at Stanford in the computer science department in 1968.
In a reference, the pages of an article or analogous subdocument in which a publication resides. Specified as a sequence of two integers.
(=> (Ref.Pages ?Ref ?Page-Range)
(And (Or (Book-Section-Reference ?Ref)
(Article-Reference ?Ref)
(Proceedings-Paper-Reference ?Ref) )
(Integer (First ?Page-Range))
(Integer (Second ?Page-Range)) ))
In a reference, the month in which a publication is published. Useful for magazines, conference proceedings, and technical reports.
(=> (Ref.Month ?Ref ?Month)
(Or (Article-Reference ?Ref) (Technical-Report ?Ref)) )
In a reference, the day of the month in which a publication is published. Useful for conference proceedings, personal communications.
(=> (Ref.Day ?Ref ?Day)
(Or (Article-Reference ?Ref)
(Personal-Communication-Reference ?Ref) ))
In a reference, the notes field contains a set of strings that is used to describe all sorts of things.
In a reference, the abstract field contains a string of natural language text that is used to describe all sorts of things.
Keywords associated with a reference.
Labels associated with a reference.
A reference's editor is the name of the document's editor.
A reference's series editor is the name of a series editor of the document.
A reference's translator is the name of the document's translator.
In a reference, the secondary author field usually names an editor of some sort who was involved in the production of the work but who was not a original author.
In a reference, the secondary title usually names the book or serial in which the publication is published.
The place (e.g., city) where a document is published. Means different things depending on the reference type.
The publisher field of a reference points to the publisher of the associated document.
In a reference, the number of volumes in the associated document.
Refers to the nth edition of a document.
(=> (Ref.Edition ?Ref ?Nth) (And (Reference ?Ref) (Natural ?Nth))) (= (Ref.Edition ?Ref) (Doc.Edition (Ref.Document ?Ref)))
An identifier of some specialization within the reference type. For example, technical reports are labeled with types-of-work such as ``technical report'' and ``memo''. Dissertations are specialized by the level of the associated degree.
(=> (Ref.Type-Of-Work ?Ref ?Name)
(Or (Thesis-Reference ?Ref)
(Technical-Report-Reference ?Ref)
(Misc-Publication-Reference ?Ref) ))
A reference associated with some kind of published document, where publication and documenthood are interpreted broadly.
Slots Of Instances:
A reference to something that just isn't a document.
Slots Of Instances:
A book reference. Book references usually include complete publisher information, and may have a series editor and title, edition, and translator. A reference to a book gets many of its publication data from the book qua document.
Slots Of Instances:
like a book-reference, except the document is an edited-book and the author and editor are the same.
Slots Of Instances:
(<=> (Edited-Book-Reference ?Ref)
(And (Book-Reference ?Ref)
(Value-Cardinality ?Ref Ref.Document 1)
(Value-Type ?Ref Ref.Document Edited-Book)
(Minimum-Value-Cardinality ?Ref Ref.Editor 1)
(Same-Values ?Ref Ref.Author Ref.Editor) ))
A section of a book, like a chapter or a paper in an edited collection.
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Book-Section-Reference
Ref.Booktitle
(Compose Doc.Title Ref.Document) )
An article is a piece published in a journal, magazine, or newspaper.
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Article-Reference
Ref.Periodical
(Compose Doc.Title Ref.Document) )
A reference to article in a journal must give information sufficient to find the issue containing the article.
Slots Of Instances:
A reference to an article in a magazine is essentially the same as a journal article reference. Some formatting styles need the distinction. Magazine article references sometimes include the month instead of the volume/issue numbers.
Slots Of Instances:
A newspaper article reference is like a magazine article reference
Slots Of Instances:
An article appearing in the published proceedings of some conference or workshop.
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Ref.Day
(Compose Timepoint.Day
Doc.Publication-Date
Ref.Document))
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Ref.Month
(Compose Timepoint.Month
Doc.Publication-Date
Ref.Document))
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Ref.Address
(Compose Conf.Address Doc.Conference Ref.Document) )
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Ref.Organization
(Compose Conf.Organization
Doc.Conference
Ref.Document))
(Same-Slot-Values Proceedings-Paper-Reference
Ref.Booktitle
(Compose Doc.Title Ref.Document) )
A reference to a master's or doctoral thesis.
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Thesis-Reference
Ref.Publisher
(Compose Organization.Name Diss.University) )
Slots Of Instances:
Slots Of Instances:
Slots Of Instances:
(Same-Slot-Values Technical-Report-Reference
Ref.Publisher
(Compose Organization.Name Doc.Institution) )
A reference to a manual that may accompany a product but is otherwise unpublished.
A reference to a computer program. The ref.title is the name of the program. The author is the programmer.
A reference to a map created by a cartographer.
A reference to a work of art that does not fit the other categories of documents. The author is the artist.
A bibliographic reference to a multimedia document. Who knows what conventions the future holds for these things.
A reference to a personal communication between the author of the paper in which the bibliography appears and some other person. The ref.author of the reference is the person with whom the conversation was held.
Slots Of Instances:
When a reference is a one-to-one account of a document, then the author in the reference (ref.author) is the name of the author of the document. This relation captures this relationship.
(Same-Slot-Values Inherits-Author-From-Document
Ref.Author
(Compose Doc.Author-Name Ref.Document) )
(<=> (Inherits-Author-From-Document ?Ref)
(And (Publication-Reference ?Ref)
(Same-Values ?Ref
Ref.Author
(Compose Doc.Author-Name Ref.Document) )))
When a reference is a one-to-one account of a document, then the publisher in the reference (ref.publisher) is the name of the publisher of the document. This relation captures this relationship. Inherits the publisher's address as well.
(Same-Slot-Values Inherits-Publisher-From-Document
Ref.Address
(Compose Publisher.Address
Doc.Publisher
Ref.Document))
(Same-Slot-Values Inherits-Publisher-From-Document
Ref.Publisher-Name
(Compose Publisher.Name Doc.Publisher Ref.Document) )
(<=> (Inherits-Publisher-From-Document ?Ref)
(And (Publication-Reference ?Ref)
(Same-Values ?Ref
Ref.Publisher-Name
(Compose Publisher.Name
Doc.Publisher
Ref.Document))
(Same-Values ?Ref
Ref.Address
(Compose Publisher.Address
Doc.Publisher
Ref.Document))))
When a reference is a one-to-one account of a document, then the year in the reference (ref.year) is the year of publication of the document. This relation captures this relationship.
(Same-Slot-Values Inherits-Year-From-Document
Ref.Year
(Compose Timepoint.Year Doc.Publication-Date) )
(<=> (Inherits-Year-From-Document ?Ref)
(And (Publication-Reference ?Ref)
(Same-Values ?Ref
Ref.Year
(Compose Timepoint.Year Doc.Publication-Date) )))
(Same-Slot-Values Inherits-Title-From-Document
Ref.Title
(Compose Doc.Title Ref.Document) )
(<=> (Inherits-Title-From-Document ?Ref)
(And (Publication-Reference ?Ref)
(Same-Values ?Ref
Ref.Title
(Compose Doc.Title Ref.Document) )))
In references associated with books, the reference fields for publication data such as publisher, place, and edition are all taken from the data on the book-document itself. This unary relation captures these constraints in one place, so that each of the book reference types can just inherit them.
Slots Of Instances:
(<=> (Book-Publication-Data-Constraint ?Ref)
(And (Publication-Reference ?Ref)
(Value-Cardinality ?Ref Ref.Document 1)
(Value-Type ?Ref Ref.Document Book)
(Value-Cardinality ?Ref Ref.Publisher 1)
(Inherits-Publisher-From-Document ?Ref)
(Value-Cardinality ?Ref Ref.Year 1)
(Inherits-Year-From-Document ?Ref) ))